Cholesterol levels vary by age, weight, and sex. These levels typically increase with age, and people over 20 should check their cholesterol levels every 5 years.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimate that nearly
In this article, we explain how doctors measure cholesterol, and we describe the healthy levels at different stages of life. We also look at ways of lowering cholesterol and maintaining healthy levels.
Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance, and there are two types: low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL).
If there is too much LDL, or “bad,” cholesterol in the bloodstream, it can build up in blood vessels, forming fatty deposits called plaques.These plaques
Total and LDL cholesterol levels should be low. But having more HDL, or “good,” cholesterol in the blood may reduce the risk of a heart attack or stroke.
Doctors can measure HDL, LDL, and total cholesterol levels. The results may also show levels of all non-HDL fats that can raise the risk of heart disease.
Cholesterol levels tend to increase with age. Taking steps to reach or maintain healthy levels earlier in life may prevent them from becoming dangerously high over time. Years of unmanaged cholesterol levels can be challenging to treat.
The CDC recommends that people aged 20 or over check their cholesterol levels every
Children are less likely to have high cholesterol, and doctors may only need to check their levels
However, kids with risk factors for high cholesterol should have their levels checked more frequently.
Typically, males tend to have higher levels throughout their lives than females. A male’s cholesterol levels increase with age, and a female’s cholesterol levels rise after menopause.
The table below shows healthy levels of cholesterol by age, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Doctors measure cholesterol in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl).
| Type of cholesterol | Anyone 19 or younger | Men aged 20 or over | Women aged 20 or over |
| total cholesterol | less than 170 mg/dl | 125–200 mg/dl | 125–200 mg/dl |
| non-HDL | less than 120 mg/dl | less than 130 mg/dl | less than 130 mg/dl |
| LDL | less than 100 mg/dl | less than 100 mg/dl | less than 100 mg/dl |
| HDL | more than 45 mg/dl | 40 mg/dl or higher | 50 mg/dl or higher |
Aging aside, any changes in cholesterol levels usually stem from health conditions and lifestyle factors.
Below, we describe healthy and unhealthy ranges in more detail.
Cholesterol levels for adults
A doctor may classify a person’s levels as high or low, borderline, or healthy.
Total cholesterol
Total cholesterol levels under 200 mg/dl are healthy for adults.
Doctors treat readings of 200–239 mg/dl as borderline high, and readings of at least 240 mg/dl as high.
LDL cholesterol
Ideally, LDL cholesterol levels should be less than 100 mg/dl. Doctors may not express concern about levels of 100–129 mg/dl for people with no health issues, but they may suggest treatment at this stage for people with heart disease or its risk factors.
If a person’s reading is 130–159 mg/dl, it is borderline high, while readings of 160–189 mg/dl are high. A reading of at least 190 mg/dl is very high.
HDL cholesterol
Doctors recommend keeping HDL levels higher. People with a reading of less than 40 mg/dl may have a risk of heart disease.
If a person’s reading is 41–59 mg/dl, doctors consider this borderline low. Optimal HDL levels are 60 mg/dl or higher.
Cholesterol levels for children
According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, children should have total cholesterol readings of under 170 mg/dl.
The borderline high range is 170–199 mg/dl, and a reading of 200 mg/dl or over is high.
LDL cholesterol levels should be under 110 mg/dl. The borderline high range is 110–129 mg/dl, and any reading over 130 mg/dl is high.
Other factors that affect blood cholesterol
The
The CDC also states that having a diet high in saturated fats and getting low levels of exercise may contribute to high cholesterol levels.
In addition, it acknowledges that having family members with high cholesterol increases a person’s risk.
The
- having a diet rich in
heart-healthy foods, including plenty of fruits and vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains - becoming more physically active
- quitting smoking, if this applies
- having a
moderate weight managing stress
The NIH recommends consulting a healthcare professional before starting a new exercise plan, but overall, it advises a person to get at least 30 minutes of exercise a day.
Having a healthy diet and getting plenty of exercise can also bring down high cholesterol levels in children.
Generally, the earlier a person starts making these changes, the better for their cholesterol levels, as cholesterol builds up over time.
High cholesterol at any age increases the risk of heart disease, heart attack, and stroke. These risks only increase over time.
Drug therapies to treat high cholesterol
When lifestyle changes alone cannot bring down high cholesterol, doctors may recommend medications. The
- Statins: These drugs keep the liver from producing cholesterol.
- Bile acid sequestrants: These drugs reduce the amount of fat that the body absorbs from food.
- Cholesterol absorption inhibitors: These drugs lower levels of fats called triglycerides in the blood and reduce the amount of cholesterol absorbed from food.
- Some vitamins and supplements: These, such as niacin, stop the liver from removing HDL and lower levels of triglycerides.
- Omega-3 fatty acids: These raise HDL levels and lower triglyceride levels.
Before the age of 18, a doctor should check a child’s cholesterol levels at least
A healthcare professional should check cholesterol levels in adults aged 20 or older every 4–6 years.
The doctor may recommend treatment if:
- The results show high or borderline high levels of total and LDL cholesterol.
- The person is overweight.
- The person has a family history of heart disease.
Cholesterol levels increase with age, and having high cholesterol at any age
Reaching or maintaining healthy levels may involve lifestyle changes, and if these are not enough, prescription medication.
A doctor should check cholesterol levels in adults, starting at the age of 20, every 4–6 years.